Kannada script

The language has 49 letters phonemic. These 49 letters are divided into three groups: Swaragalu (13 letters), Yogavaahakagalu(2 letters- ಅಂ,ಅಃ), and Vyanjanagalu (34 letters), similar to the vowels and consonants of English, respectively. The character set is almost identical to that of other Indian languages. The script itself, derived from brahmi script, is fairly complicated like most other languages of India owing to the occurrence of various combinations of "half-letters"(Glyphs), or symbols that attach to various letters in a manner similar to diacritical marks (such as aigüe, grave, and cédille marks) in the Romance languages.

The Kannada script is almost perfectly phonetic, but for the sound of a "half n" (which becomes a half m). The number of written symbols, however, is far more than the 49 characters in the alphabet, because different characters can be combined to form compound characters (vattaksharas). Each written symbol in the Kannada script corresponds with one syllable, as opposed to one phoneme in languages like English. The script of Kannada is also used in other languages such as Tulu, Kodava Takk and Konkani. Simply put the Kannada script is syllabic.

The Dictionary

A German priest Reverend Ferdinand Kittel composed the first Kannada dictionary consisting of more than 70,000 words.

Extinct Kannada Letters

Until the thirteenth century, Kannada literary works employed letters 'rh', 'lh (zh)', whose manner of articulation most plausibly could be akin to those in present day Malayalam and Tamil . The later Kannada works replaced 'rh' and 'lh' with ರ (ra) and ಳ (La) respectively.
Another letter (or unclassified vyanjana (consonant)) that has become extinct is 'nh' or 'inn' (Again this has its equivalent in Malayalam and Tamil). The usage of this consonant was observed until the 1980s in mostly coastal Karnataka (especially, Dakshina Kannada district) Kannada works. Now hardly any mainstream works use this consonant. This letter has been replaced by ನ್(consonant n).

Kannada script in Computing

Transliteration

Several transliteration schemes are used to type Kannada characters using a standard keyboard. These include Baraha (based on ITRANS). Nudi, the government of Karnataka's standard for Kannada Input is a phonetic layout loosely based on transliteration.

Unicode

• KannadaUnicode.org chart (PDF) (right click and click save target as & save)

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